Imagine you’re riding a rollercoaster, but instead of up and down dips you’re experiencing extreme highs and lows - like, one moment you’re on top of the world and next you’re in the depths of despair. Sounds exhausting right? Well, that’s kind of what living with bipolar disorder can feel like.
It’s like your mood goes for a wild ride and you’re just trying to hang on. Bipolar disorder isn’t just about being moody (we all get that way sometimes). It’s a serious mental health problem that can impact day-to-day activities and life overall. But don’t worry, this isn’t a pity party.
In this blog, we will be diving into what bipolar disorder actually is, breaking down its types, spotting the signs and understanding a little more about the ups and downs.
In simpler terms, Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that messes with your mood, swinging you between two extremes - mania (or hypomania, a milder form) and depression. Like previously mentioned, a ride that you didn’t exactly sign up for.
One day you’re all invincible, feeling powerful, confident, and coming up with ideas. Getting out of bed feels like a task the next week or another day.
But remember, these aren’t your everyday mood swings. They are serious and harmful and need to be addressed; otherwise, they can hamper your way of life and existing relationships.
Yep! You read it right. Bipolar disorder isn’t a one-size-fits-all thing. There are several types such as Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic disorder, Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder, and Mixed Bipolar Disorder. Come along and learn about it.
Bipolar I
This is the classic form most people think of, the “mood swings”. To get this diagnosis you need to have at least one manic episode where your mind and body is on another trip of enthusiasm, but at the same time being irritated and possibly making risky or impulsive choices (spending spree).
But this doesn’t mean they do not get depressive episodes, the presence of depressive episodes is not required for diagnosis.
Bipolar II
This one’s a bit sneakier. You have hypermania, which is like mania’s quieter cousin - it’s present but less extreme. The most noticeable part about this disorder is its depressive episodes, which can be severe. People with Bipolar disorder II suffer more with depression than the hypomanic side.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
This is the lighter (still challenging) version. Imagine it as a combo meal that isn’t as tasty as it looks. It's a constant cycle of mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms that go on for at least two years or more. It never quite hits a full-blown mania or major depression, but the ups and downs are prevalent.
Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Those who experience four or more episodes of mania, hypomania, or depressive episodes within one year are said to have rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Depending on how the illness has been treated, the disorder may be temporary for some individuals and can come and go over years.
Mixed Bipolar Disorder
It is when you are experiencing highs and lows at the same time or on a single episode. For example, an episode of mania and depression simultaneously or rapidly.
Other Specified or Unspecified Bipolar Disorders
Not everyone lives the same way and similarly not everyone fits neatly in the three boxes of bipolar disorder, but they still have mood cycles that mess with their life.
So just like in a video game where you get different skins (or buy them), every bipolar disorder has its own symptoms. Hope this blog helps you understand these symptoms better!
Manic disorder (a.k.a the “up” phase) -
Feeling unstoppably happy, euphoric or energetic.
Talking really fast
Decreased need for sleep
Racing thoughts and jumping from one topic to another
Making impulsive decisions (splurging, rough driving, etc.)
Easily distracted, losing focus
Increased activity (restlessness and handling multiple projects at once)
Hypermania disorder (a.k.a the silent cousin) - This one is a less severe version of manic symptoms lasting only four days in a row rather than a week.
Depressive symptoms (a.k.a the “down” phase) -
Feeling overwhelmingly sad, empty or hopeless
Loss of interest in things you enjoy
Exhaustion even after ample rest
Trouble making decisions
Feeling worthless or guilty for no apparent reason
Change in appetite (eating too much or too little)
Thoughts of suicide
Nobody knows the actual cause of it. Researchers are still trying to pinpoint factors that could contribute to this disorder. Some of them include biological (e.g., genetic), psychological, social, and structural factors.
Genetics/ Heredity
The disorder is often known to run in the family, and it could be from a direct relative, like a parent, but it’s not limited to that.
As a matter of fact, did you know there was research conducted on twins? The scientists reported that if one of the twins had bipolar disorder, there were more chances for the other twin to develop than any other sibling. It was concluded that the twin would have a 40-70% chance.
Brain structure
Since there have not been sufficient studies on the reasons for bipolar disorder, the limited researchers believe bipolar disorder may be triggered by an underlying problem with certain brain circuits and brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Studies claim that people with bipolar disorder may even have different brain structures and functions than those without the disorder.
Secondary things that can increase your chances of having it, include a stressful event such as relationship problems like breakup, death, and child abuse.
Hate to break it to you but this is one of those disorders that cannot be cured, but……. treatments are available to help the person (YIPEEEE! I guess). Consider visiting a mental health practitioner to learn what remedy fits you best.
Non-drug treatment - Therapy such as Cognitive behavioural therapy CBT, Family focused therapy FFT, Electroconvulsive therapy ECT(used for severely manic or depressive patients), Interpersonal therapy, psychoeducation.
Drug treatment - The doctors would advise you on the right medication, but it would mainly consist of mood stabilisers, and antipsychotics. Prescribers would monitor patients periodically through blood tests and clinical assessments in order to make sure no toxic effects/ side effects occur if the doses get too high.
Complimentary therapy - I am not stating that this will completely treat your disorder but it can work as a complimentary to calm your nerves or mental health and have a healthy life. Try out meditation, yoga, light therapy or acupuncture.
What Makes Bipolar Disorder Unique?
Here’s the thing - Bipolar disorder isn’t just about mood shifts from one to another for no reason. There are a few extra quirks that come with it;
Trigger sensitivity - Stress, lack of sleep, or even seasonal changes can trigger episodes. Yes, you read it right! Seasonal affective disorder, there’s even a therapy for that, and it’s called “Light therapy”.
Creative ninja - Many people with bipolar disorder feel a burst of creativity during the hypomanic phase. They come with great ideas and even implement them - literally a disorder that showcases your artistic side.
Self realization - After a manic episode, people often feel embarrassed, guilty and regret for saying things and behaving in a certain manner.
Misdiagnosis is most common - This is especially the case with Bipolar II, which often gets mistaken for depression because the hypomanic episodes are missed.
Bipolar disorder isn’t rare, and it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. In 2019, approximately 1 in 150 adults (40 million people, or 0.53% of the global population) were living with bipolar disorder, and that's quite a lot of numbers.
So by chance, from the information provided by us in this blog, if you feel it relates to you or could relate to your loved ones, reach out for help. With the right support, such as therapy, medication, lifestyle adjustments, it can be absolutely managed. Many people with bipolar disorder live full, creative and successful lives.
Mental health conversations don’t always have to be cold and clinical. The more we talk, the faster we break the stigma—ultimately, it's a win-win situation!
Is bipolar disorder the same as mood swings?
Not really. Everyone goes through mood swings in their life but bipolar disorder involves extreme shifts that last longer (days to weeks) and significantly affect your daily life, relationships and work.
What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II?
Bipolar I involves manic episodes which can be severe and sometimes even require hospitalization. Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes which is a less extreme version of manic episodes, but the depressive episodes tend to be more severe.
How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?
It is diagnosed by a mental health professional, usually through a combination of interviews, and symptom history. Your family member or loved one would be helpful during such visits in the clinic so they can explain better of your behaviour.
Can bipolar disorder be cured?
Sadly no, but it’s absolutely manageable with the right treatment plan, which often includes therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments.
How can I support a loved one with bipolar disorder?
Educating yourself about the disorder, being patient and non judgemental, encouraging them to stick with the treatment and remembering that the behaviour they give away is because of the disorder.
